Glossary

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Financial terms

After adjustments

In order to measure the operating performance extending over several periods, key performance measures are „adjusted“ where applicable. Adjusted measures are labelled with “after adjustments”. A reconciliation table is available within the respective quarterly or annual report and presents the composition of special items.

Before special items

In order to measure the operating performance extending over several periods, key performance measures are adjusted by special items, where applicable. Adjusted measures are labelled with “before special items”. A reconciliation table is available within the respective quarterly or annual report and presents the composition of special items.

Cash flow

Financial key figure that shows the net balance of incoming and outgoing payments during a reporting period.

Cash flow before acquisitions and dividends

Fresenius uses the cash flow before acquisitions and dividends as the financial measure for free cash flow. Cash flow before acquisitions and dividends is calculated by operating cash flow less investments (net). Net investments are calculated by payments for the purchase of property, plant and equipment less proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment.

Cash flow from financing activities

Cash flow from financing activities is a financial measure showing how the investments of the reporting period were financed.

Cash flow from financing activities is calculated from additions to equity plus proceeds from the exercise of stock options, less dividends paid, plus proceeds from debt increase (loans, bonds, etc.), less repayments of debt, plus the change in noncontrolling interest, plus proceeds from the hedge of exchange rate effects due to corporate financing.

Cash flow from investing activities

Cash flow from investing activities is a financial measure opposing payments for the acquisition or purchase of property, plant and equipment and investments versus proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment and investments.

Constant currencies

Constant currencies for income and expenses are calculated using prior-year average rates; constant currencies for assets and liabilities are calculated using the mid-closing rate on the date of the respective statement of financial position.

CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility)

CSR refers to the social responsibility of companies. Their operations can affect economic, social, and environmental conditions all over the world.

DSO (Days Sales Outstanding)

Indicates the average number of days it takes for a receivable to be paid.

EBIT (Earnings before Interest and Taxes)

EBIT does include depreciation and write-ups on property, plant and equipment.

EBIT is calculated by subtracting cost of sales, selling, general and administrative expenses, and research and development expenses from sales.

EBIT margin

EBIT margin is calculated as the ratio of EBIT to sales.

EBITDA (Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization)

EBITDA is calculated from EBIT by adding depreciations recognized in income and deducting write-ups recognized in income, both on intangible assets as well as property, plant and equipment.

EBITDA margin

EBITDA margin is calculated as the ratio of EBITDA to sales.

Net debt / EBITDA

Net debt / EBITDA is a financial measure reflecting the ability of Fresenius to fulfill its pay­ment obligations. Net debt and EBITDA are calculated at LTM (last 12 month) average exchange rates respectively.

Calculation of net debt:

Short-term debt

+ Short-term debt from related parties

+ Current portion of long-term debt and capital lease obligations

+ Current portion of Senior Notes

+ Long-term debt and capital lease obligations, less current portion

+ Senior Notes, less current portion

+ Convertible bonds

= Debt

- less cash and cash equivalents

= Net debt

NOPAT

Net Operating Profit After Taxes (NOPAT) is calculated from operating income (EBIT), as stated in the profit and loss statement, less income taxes.

Operating cash flow

Operating cash flow is a financial measure showing cash inflows from operating activities during a period. Operating cash flow is calculated by subtracting non-cash income and adding non-cash expenses to net income.

Organic growth

Growth that is generated by a company’s existing businesses and not by acquisitions, divestitures, or foreign exchange impact.

ROE (Return on Equity)

Measure of a corporation’s profitability revealing how much profit a company generates with the money shareholders have invested.

ROE is calculated by fiscal year’s net income / total equity × 100.

ROIC (Return on Invested Capital)

Calculated by: (EBIT - taxes) / Invested capital.

Invested capital = total assets + accumulated amortization of goodwill - deferred tax assets - cash and cash equivalents - trade accounts payable - accruals (without pension accruals) - other liabilities not bearing interest.

ROOA (Return on Operating Assets)

Calculated as the ratio of EBIT to operating assets (average).

Operating assets = total assets - deferred tax assets - trade accounts payable - cash held in trust - payments received on account - approved subsidies.

SOI (Scope of Inventory)

Indicates the average number of days between receiving goods as inventory and the sale of the finished product.

Calculated by: (Inventories / Costs of goods sold) × 365 days.

Working capital

Current assets (including deferred assets) - accruals - trade accounts payable - other liabilities - deferred charges.

Health care terms / Products and services

Administrative data

Data transmitted to sickness funds as part of the billing process or to federal agencies like the German Federal Statistical Office due to legal requirements. In Germany, this includes information about coded diagnoses and pro­cedures.

Apheresis

A medical technology in which the blood of a person is passed through a device that separates out one particular blood component and returns the remainder to the circulation. This technology is used for the collection of various blood components by donors, as well as for therapeutic applications for patients.

Biosimilars

A biosimilar is a drug that is “similar” to another biologic drug already approved.

Blood volume substitutes

They are used for the temporary stabilization and / or maintenance of blood volume, for example, in the event of major blood loss.

Catalog effect

Change in severity applied to own case number portfolio.

Dialysis

Form of renal replacement therapy where a semipermeable membrane – in peritoneal dialysis the peritoneum of the patient, in hemo­dialysis the membrane of the dialyzer – is used to clean a patient’s blood.

Dialysis machine

The hemodialysis process is controlled by a dial­ysis machine, which pumps blood, adds anti­coagulants, regulates the cleansing process, and controls the mixture of dialysate and its flow rate through the system.

Dialysis solution / Dialysate

Fluid used in the process of dialysis in order to remove the filtered out substances and excess water from the blood.

Dialyzer

Special filter used in hemodialysis for removing toxic substances, waste products of metabolic processes, and excess water from the blood. The dialyzer is sometimes referred to as the “artificial kidney”.

Enteral nutrition

Application of liquid nutrition as a tube or sip feed via the gastrointestinal tract.

EPO (Erythropoietin)

Hormone that stimulates red blood cell production. Recombinant (i. e., artificially produced) human EPO is commonly prescribed to patients on dialysis who suffer from anemia.

FDA (U.S. Food & Drug Administration)

Official authority for food observation and drug registration in the United States.

HD (Hemodialysis)

A treatment method for dialysis patients where the blood of the patient is cleansed by a dialyzer. The solute exchange between blood and dialysate is dominated by diffusive processes.

Hemoglobin

Component of red blood cells that transports oxygen around the body. An insufficient level of hemoglobin is indicative of anemia, which typically occurs in patients with chronic kidney failure. Besides dialysis, anemia is treated with iron supplements and the hormone compound erythropoietin (EPO).

Medicare / Medicaid

A program developed by the federal U.S. Social Security Administration that reimburses health insurance companies and providers of medical services for medical care to individuals over 65, people with chronic kidney failure, or the disabled.

Outpatient clinic

Interdisciplinary facility for outpatient care, managed by physicians. The responsible body of a medical care center includes all service providers (such as physicians, pharmacists, health care facilities), that are authorized to treat patients with statutory health insurance.

Parenteral nutrition

Application of nutrients directly into the bloodstream of the patient (intravenously). This is necessary if the condition of a patient does not allow them to absorb and metabolize essential nutrients orally or as sip and tube feed in a sufficient quantity.

PD (Peritoneal dialysis)

Dialysis treatment method using the patient’s peritoneum as a filter to cleanse their blood.

PPP (public-private partnership model)

Public-private partnership describes a government service or private business venture that is funded and operated through a partnership of government and one or more private-sector companies. In most cases, PPP accompanies a part-privatization of governmental services.

Prevalence

Number of all patients who suffer from a specific disease within a defined period. The prevalence rate indicates the number of people with this specific disease (e.g., terminal kidney failure) treated per million population.

Three-chamber bag

The three-chamber bag contains all the macro­nutrients like amino acids, glucose, and lipids, as well as electrolytes, in three separate chambers. Immediately before infusion, all nutrients are mixed thoroughly within the bag simply by opening individual chambers. This reduces the risk of contamination and saves time when preparing the infusions.